So the are positional isomers of eachother. Really helpful, thanks! I was trying to purely memorize which name went with which butyl, and I figured there had to be a logical explanation behind the name. You explained it really well. Very helpful. Read your explanation once.
Got it. At the end where you go from Neopentane to Neopentyl Alcohol would the formula change to 2,2-dimethylpropanol because you added the OH? Keep Up the Excellent Work! Its great to see individuals, such as yourself, helping students in need. This was so helpful! Can this apply to different carbon chains that are greater than butane?
For example is it possible to have a tert-hexanol or isoheptane? Hi — no, it only applies to butane. In Wikipedia it is given as 1,1-dimethylethyl. I am confused. This section was really helpful.. But can you assure me that these terms sec,neo,tert,iso will not comes for others except butane.?? As in your section you were specific about butane..
You were not general. And regardless of whether you're attached to this or this, if you think about it, it's fundamentally the same molecular structure. So that's what you do when you're attached to that guy right over there. But what about the situation where we're dealing with just the common names right here? What about the situation where it looks like this? So we have our cyclopentane right there, and we have a-- I guess we could call it a butyl group.
It'll have four carbons in it, but let's say that the four carbons look something like this. Let's say there are four carbons, so we have one, two, three, four carbons and we're bonded to this one right over here. So whenever you're bonded to one end of the four-carbon group and it branches off at the other end, and it seems a little complicated, this only deals for alkyl groups below five or six carbons, this we call an isobutyl group.
So let me write this down. So this right here, is sec-butyl, or s-butyl sometimes for short. This right here, this right there is iso-butyl.
It's actually-- iso- that is an iso-butyl group. And then the last thing to worry about when you're dealing with butyl groups is something like this. Let me draw it. So you could also draw four carbons like this. You have one carbon, two, three, four.
One, two, three, four carbons and you're attached over here. Now this naming, this group right here-- and you're going see the systematic naming is much easier for these compounds. This group right here, over here the carbon you're attached to is attached to two other carbons, so it is sec-butyl. When you're attached to three carbons, it is t-butyl, or tert-butyl, so this right here is a tert-butyl group, or sometimes called a t-butyl. And I really want you to understand the difference here.
The common naming, it's easier to say and easier to spell, but it's sometimes a little confusing. This is just straight up butyl so you would call this butylcyclopentane.
This is sec-butyl, because you have this guy connected to two carbons. That's where the sec- comes from. Sometimes it'll be s-butyl. So this could be called sec-butylcyclopentane or s-butylcyclopentane. This, because we're attached to the end away from this branching off, is still a butyl group, since we have four carbons. But since we're attached here, this is iso-butyl, so this is iso-butylcyclopentane, And then finally, since the carbon we're attaching to is attached to one, two, three other carbons, it is a tert-butyl or a t-butyl group.
So this is t-butylcyclopentane. That's the common naming. So maybe I should clear out systematic here just so it's clear to you that everything we've done here is common naming. So let me write it down. It won't hurt to write them down again because the more familiar you are with these, the better. So this is just butylcyclopentane. This is s- or sec- butylcyclopentane. And this is iso-butylcyclopentane. I'm going off the screen here. And then finally, this is tert-butyl, or t-butylcyclopentane.
Now, I said these are the common naming. What are the systematic naming? Well, in the systematic, this is still butylcyclopentane. Systematic, this is still butylcyclopentane, which makes sense. This is very clearly a cyclopentane. This is very clearly a butyl group. Join thousands of students and gain free access to 63 hours of Organic videos that follow the topics your textbook covers. If you forgot your password, you can reset it.
Analytical Chemistry Video Lessons. Cell Biology Video Lessons. Genetics Video Lessons. Biochemistry Video Lessons. GOB Video Lessons. Microbiology Video Lessons. Calculus Video Lessons. Statistics Video Lessons. Microeconomics Video Lessons. Macroeconomics Video Lessons. Accounting Video Lessons. All Chapters Ch. Johnny Betancourt. What are all the different four-carbon substituents? Therefore, this group contains a double branched alkane structure. There, the central carbon atom that is attached with three methyl groups has a vacant point to which a separate moiety of a molecule may attach to.
Since the functional group has three methyl groups, we name it as tertiary-butyl, tert-butyl or t-butyl. Ex: tert-butyl acetate contains a tert-butyl functional group attached with an acetate group.
Isobutyl is a four carbon alkyl radical or functional group in which a three-membered carbon chain attached with one methyl group at its second carbon atom. Therefore, this functional group contains a single methyl branch. The three-membered carbon chain contains a methyl group at the second carbon atom while the third carbon atom has a vacant point to which a separate moiety of a molecule may attach with. Ex: isobutyl acetate contains an isobutyl functional group attached with an acetate group.
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